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C. A. PABSON, A. Q. CARNEGIE, M. BONE, AND} S. S. COOK. MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES BY \USION.

nrucmou m n no.1.

1,430,399. 1* d epf. 26, 1922. zsu rs T's-shin I.

INVIE NTURS; an! Q. WW, m may? i s mm lsmmimifi'fmv I c. A PARSONS, A. Q. CARNEGIE. M, sous, AND s. 8. 000K. V

MANUFACTURE OF 8 BY EXTRUSION.

1,430,399, PatentedSept. 26, 1922.

2 sums-sum 2.

D L C E Mn r N INA'ENTORS:

Patented Sept. 26, 1922.

UNITED STAIES IZATENT" OFFICE. T

CHARLESALGERNON PARSONS ..ALFRED QUINTIN GARNEGIE,- AND MATTHEW BONE,

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE' AND STANLEY SMITH COOK, OF WALLSEND-UPON- TYNE, ENGLAND; SAID CARNEGIE, SAID BONE, AND SA ID COOK ASSIGNORS TO SAID PARSONS.

MA vUrAcT-unn or ARTICLES BY EXTRUSION.

Original application filed J'uly 7,,19 19,.Seria1 No. 309,207. Divided and this application filed December 7,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES ALGERNQN PAnsoNs, K. C. B., ALFRED QUINTIN CAR-' NEGIE, and MATTHEW BONE, all subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and all residing at Heaton Works, Newcastlethe Manufacture of Articles by Extrusion,

of which the following is a specification.

The present inventionrelates to the man ufacture of articles having a stem and a base and particularly to the manufacture of turbine blading, and has for its object to cheapen the manufacture of such blading by the application of methods which occupy less time and are generally more expeditious than those at present employed. Q

In blading systems in which the portion of the blade contained withi'n'the circumferential groove in which the blading is secured 1s o f' the same section as the part which projects, the blades may be formed by cutting off lengths from a bar rolled to the requisite section, suitably'formecl packing pieces being interposed with the blades in the circumferential groove.

The present invention relates to a method in which the blades are formed integral with a base difierent'in section from that of the blade, thisbase being in some cases extended to constitute the neighbouring packing piece, andin some cases so formed as to space the blades the required distance apart and in correct position.

In such a constructionthe cutting off of the blades" froma rolled or drawn bar is not employed.- The formation of the blade and its base by milling of other machining operations is both laborious and expensive. It has been found possible according to this invention to substitute a process whereby the blade may be formed integral with its base or with 'a mass of metal from which the base may be machined."

The invention consists in the extrusion of the bladepro er of a complete turbine blading element r0111 a Small billet through a 1921. s rial No. 520,623.

die having an aperture in which the base is formed integral'with the blade.

The invention also consists in the extrusion of a turbine blade and the formation of an integral base in the same operation by means of a quick-acting press or drop hammer. Y The invention further consists in arrestmg the process of extrusion at such a point that the blade and base are formed of the desired length and shape; I

The invention further consists in forming the base portion of the blade element substantially wider iii-every direction than the extruded blade portion for the purpose hereafter described. 5

Referring to the accompanying drawings which show a form of apparatus suitable for carrying the process into effect Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation of the die with the billet of metal placed therein.

Figure 2 is a plan of the die.

Figures 3 and 4' are sectional elevations of the die showing the blade after forma tion but before removal from the die.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one form the die'1,preferabl divided into two or more portions, is placed within a suitable support 2 so as'to register with one or more keys '3. An aperture 4 in thedie is of a cross-section either the same as that of the base of the blade or such that the base can be readily machined from the mass of metal shaped in it. At the bottom of the aperture 4 an orifice 5 is cut, this orifice being of the shape of the blade proper. The mouth of the aperture 4 is preferably tapered, as indicated, in order to facilitate introduction of the billet of metal 6 which has the same general crosssection as that ofthe aperture 4 but is somewhat smaller. I

v While, however, we have shown the aperture 4 as parallel-sided over the greater part of its length, we do not confine the construction of the die to this form as in some cases it may be found advantageous to form the aperture with converging sides along the whole of itslength- In cross-section also the aperture may be of any form found most suitable for the particular shape of bas 1 the blade desired. i

A dre j hemwenram ofsil'rfilfixl' 116M 77 is arra-ng itbo ve therdie so that iIr'it's-de's'eent' it will press the billet of metal 6" to the sh'aperofitkee ztpermreveat the'asime timvexa 51o: torm atherbi'adefl 8* or indieateu'rinsfig ures 3 and 4. v A slight clearance isof' course-necessary in practicebetweenthe mom rand-thel-ep r -y ture 4, but this has been omitted the drawings for the sake of clearness.

Suitable stops 9 are fittedon the support 2 or in anyio't'hen eppropriatepositionm arrest the motionof the' drop hammer 7 when the requiredamount of'metat'has been ex truded. j

While: we have described a die in which pressure is applied op osite the extrusioni onifice, we do not confi he') the inventiomto this-construction esit might,- for example?- be 'found 'edvantegeous in" some cases to up? ply the pressure in redirect-ion btihfllfi'thalflkglflx line with-theonifice,although obvibuslyiioira thepoint of view of ease in carrying out the; eirtnusionv processthe" anrangement illilstrated-isthezmostedventageouei The size of billet employediverieswithtthe' length .of blade and; SiZrOf base required; :"in any oase,-howeven, the-billet; iscomperatively small andit is-essentiaT-thet the proe ess be. "carried out; uickly. to avoid? goofing the-billet andextru metal below the ternperatuie at which it can be extruded; Therefore we prefer: to employ a'quiokv'anting: y press' giving-the ne acessitry preseurebut any other suitable? means,=jsuch as adrop hammer or quick-"acting hydraulic pness may beueed'i r When employing aw drop hammer the height of fell-i; and-:: weight of the: hammer would" be r so regulated i to give; the? ref quinedr preseuremnda'veloeity ofEextmisiem- We: have found thatvin making: 'bledewea eordingijtouthis invention, in whichra' fine edge is required; it ie'advantausftofdee sign ther-babe -pdrtion 'so that its sides'and partieularlyrits cornersdo n'otlcoincide with 1 metal of: the-billet? remains siuflleientlyv hot throughouttoflow properly in; all parts and pwmltt offs, fine edge I beirl'geprodueedr It has been found" by," experimentthat there -i-s 1 ev'cnitieal velocity-ofextnueien above wh chdflhere-r is riek ot'sei'zlure in" die; This velocity is dependent tofl-esome 93mm;

on the size and shape of the extruded p ece,

and Whilst thel'ifolle a uick: prodemis necessay to avoitl tob great coo-ling of'tliebillet, duringthe operation the speed must besuch that the!" velbeityf ofi" extrusion does-mote ex"- ceed such cnitiuwl 'velue In where." the blade; edgeseare'i required tobe thinner than canhcenveniently be" fenfier' aeeerdihg to the above method, 43 m y-sha e the extrusion orifice so, as to fo1'me ;;bulb"or bead" or other suitableloc'el thickening on the fine edge of the blade.

We generally preferv to form this-bulb, on

thickening on theconvex vside of the-blade sothat it may be. easily removed'by subset-1' quentgrindings, machining. ordrawing, but we; may in some eases for-mit on the"'conicave.- side '?of the blede or'tit imayvtake the form of a, bulbprojecting. both: on" the: con cave and oon'vex sides;

It willg be obvious thatby replaoing,in-

the above-manner sever-a1: lnilling or othen.

operations 1 hitherto. necessary, end f all oi n' comparatively lengthytn'eture, one rapid openat-iom tmuchtime and labour are, saved ant-l expenditure therebyweducedt Having now. described our; invention, what; we claim ts new and desire to secure by *Letters Patentfiisce- 1;. A processof manufacturing; finished metalartiols having: a-.lstern and! base;yac=

cording-to which! a nwtal-billetis intro: t

dueed-into a container and gatga si'n 1e. operation part; ofisaid. billet is extr-u eat from the said eonteinertto form r the stern and" another pert; of. saidbillet jisedropforgedt-to" form=-e tbase@integrelwith-tsaid- 2:; At procese of manufacturin finished metal articleehavingil-a stern baseyzrccording=-to WhlChrxfi-"Hlfltfil billet isclocated in opengtive relation toan, epjertured die 7 and said billet. is 'struckt-ar blow to force part thereof through. saidi aperture; to. form: the s'telfi and another thereof, into. said die; to form: a base-integral with said-stem:

3;: A; process of manuiaeturing turbine bludingg; according to 1 which part only q of a metalbilleh-is efctruded'to term thefjblede andl anothen part. of saidbillet is formed into- ":1 integral with said? blade.-

4. A processpf-mamifactuning turbine bladingw acoordingrto which at e single openatlon pak t only ot a-metalbillet is ex truded; to "form T the. bledemnd "anothen pert ofi saidbilleh is= forged? into abuse 1 intiegral withrslwirkblade; r q

5; pnoeese' "0t .n1a-nuteetering. turbine bladlng,- -aeeerding to ;which ametal billet ,iee'locatedtimoperetiwe reletionstoien aper;

fluted; dieanlglwatm single operation part of said billet is extruded throught said apexture' to; form the blade-i and another. part of seidz'billetw is fomed into'- said die 3 toform-ta bade.-integralfwitlilflsaid blade 6; A process of manuf ctu ing turbine blading, according to which part of a metal billet is extruded to form the blade and another part of said billet is drop-forged to form a base integral with said blade.

7. A process of manufacturing turbine blading, according to which a metal billet is located inoperative relation to an apertured die and said billet is struck a blow to force part thereof through said aperture to form the blade, and another part thereof into said die to form a base integral with said blade.

8. A process of manufacturing metal articles having a stem and a base, according to which a hot metal billet is introduced into a less hot container, thereby rendering certain exterior portions of said billet less hot than certain interior portions and at a single operation part of said hotter interior is extruded to form the stem, and another part ofsaid billet is drop-forged to form a base integral with said stem.

9. A process of manufacturing metal arjticles having a stem and a base, according to which a hot metal billet is located in operative relation to a less hot apertured die, thereby rendering certain exterior portions of said billet less hot than certain interior portions and said billet is struck a blow to force part of said hotter interior billet is introduced into a less hot container, thereby rendering certain exterior portions of said billet less hot than certain interior portions, part of said hotter interior is extruded to form a thin-edged blade and another part of said billet is forged to form a base integral with said blade proper.

11. A process of manufacturing turbine blading, according to which a hot metal billet is located in operative relation to an apertured die, thereby rendering certain exterior portions of said billet less hot than. certain interior portions and said billet is struck a blow to force part of said hotter interior through said aperture to form a thin-edged blade and anotherpart of said billet into said die to form a base integral with said stem.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS. ALFRED QUINTIN CARNEGIE. MATTHEW BONE.

STANLEY SMITH COOK. 

